The core terms
| Term | Common use | Helpful plain-language description |
|---|---|---|
| ESL | English as a Second Language | A broad label often used for English teaching and support. |
| EFL | English as a Foreign Language | Usually used when learners study English in a place where it is not the main community language. |
| ESOL | English for Speakers of Other Languages | Often used in adult education and qualifications, especially in some English-speaking systems. |
| ELL | English Language Learner | A learner-centred term used in parts of school education. |
| ESP | English for Specific Purposes | English connected to a defined professional or practical setting. |
| EAP | English for Academic Purposes | English needed for academic study and academic communication. |
Use the employer’s vocabulary accurately
Job advertisements are not consistent. An employer may write “ESL teacher” for learners who would be described as EFL in a teacher-training context. Use the employer's own words from the advert, then add a clear description of what you teach, such as “online English teacher for adult conversation learners” or “teacher of academic writing and presentation skills.” Do not add a specialist title without relevant experience or training.
Match the label to the learner’s goal
- General communication: describe level, communication goals, and lesson format.
- Young learners: describe age range, curriculum responsibility, and safeguarding requirements.
- Workplace English: describe the task, such as meetings, presentations, customer support, or writing.
- Exam or university preparation: describe the assessment or academic task and the evidence you can provide.
- School-based ELL support: check local certification and employer requirements before applying.
A CV check
- Use the job title from the advert where it is accurate.
- State learner group, level, format, and subject focus.
- List certificates exactly as awarded.
- Use outcomes you can document, such as completed course units or learner feedback.
- Remove rate claims and unsupported superlatives.